Logical decisions — Excel Course

IF, IFS, AND, OR, NOT and IFERROR. Learn it step by step with guided practice on Excelquro.

Understand

Start with one condition, then add combinations. IF handles two outcomes, IFS handles ordered bands, AND requires every condition, OR requires at least one, NOT reverses a logical test, and IFERROR controls a calculation failure. The order of IFS conditions matters because Excel stops at the first TRUE condition.

Worked example

Mumbai passes both conditions: achievement is at least 100% and DPD is below 30. If either condition fails, the result is Review.

=IF(AND(B2>=100%,C2<30),"Achieved","Review")

Follow along

1. Build the simple Achieved/Below Target IF first.
2. Add DPD as a second condition with AND.
3. Use OR for a rule with alternative triggers.
4. Use IFS to create ordered performance bands.
5. Wrap a division or lookup in IFERROR only when a useful fallback exists.
6. Test boundary values such as exactly 100% and exactly 30 DPD.

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